About the Authors

Sheena C. Kerr

Contributed equally to this work with: Sheena C. Kerr, Gregory J. Fischer

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California

Gregory J. Fischer

Contributed equally to this work with: Sheena C. Kerr, Gregory J. Fischer

Affiliation Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin

Meenal Sinha

Affiliation Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California

Orla McCabe

Affiliation Center for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

Jonathan M. Palmer

Affiliation Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin

Tsokyi Choera

Affiliation Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin

Fang Yun Lim

Affiliation Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin

Michaela Wimmerova

Affiliation Faculty of Science and Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic

Stephen D. Carrington

Affiliation Veterinary Science Centre, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

Shaopeng Yuan

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California

Clifford A. Lowell

Affiliation Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California

Stefan Oscarson

Affiliation Center for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

Nancy P. Keller

Affiliation Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin

John V. Fahy

john.fahy@ucsf.edu

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SCK GJF MS TC CAL SO NPK JVF. Performed the experiments: SCK GJF MS OM JMP FYL SY. Analyzed the data: SCK GJF MS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SDC MW SO. Wrote the paper: SCK GJF MS OM CAL SO NPK JVF.