About the Authors

Ivona Pandrea

pandrea@pitt.edu

Affiliations Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Penssylvania, United States of America

Cuiling Xu

Affiliation Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Jennifer L. Stock

Affiliation Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Daniel N. Frank

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America

Dongzhu Ma

Affiliations Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Penssylvania, United States of America

Benjamin B. Policicchio

Affiliation Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Tianyu He

Affiliation Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Jan Kristoff

Affiliation Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Elaine Cornell

Affiliation Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America

George S. Haret-Richter

Affiliation Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Anita Trichel

Affiliations Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Ruy M. Ribeiro

Affiliation Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America

Russell Tracy

Affiliation Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America

Cara Wilson

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America

Alan L. Landay

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Cristian Apetrei

Affiliations Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Penssylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: IP RMR RT CW ALL CA. Performed the experiments: IP CA GSHR AT CX DM JLS JK BBP TH EC DNF. Analyzed the data: IP CA RMR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RMR. Wrote the paper: IP RMR RT CW ALL CA.