About the Authors

Richard Lu

Contributed equally to this work with: Richard Lu, Bobby Brooke Herrera

Current address: Ragon Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Bobby Brooke Herrera

Contributed equally to this work with: Richard Lu, Bobby Brooke Herrera

Current address: Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Heather D. Eshleman

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Yang Fu

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Alexander Bloom

Current address: Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Zhigang Li

Affiliation Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

David B. Sacks

Affiliation Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Marcia B. Goldberg

marcia.goldberg@mgh.harvard.edu

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RL HDE DBS MBG. Performed the experiments: RL BBH HDE YF AB ZL. Analyzed the data: RL BBH HDE YF AB ZL DBS MBG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DBS. Wrote the paper: RL BBH AB DBS MBG.