About the Authors

Nora Grahl

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America

Elora G. Demers

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America

Allia K. Lindsay

Current address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America

Colleen E. Harty

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America

Sven D. Willger

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America

Amy E. Piispanen

Current address: Department of Biology, Franklin Pierce University, Rindge, New Hampshire, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America

Deborah A. Hogan

deborah.a.hogan@dartmouth.edu

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NG DAH. Performed the experiments: NG EGD AKL. Analyzed the data: NG SDW EGD DAH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NG AEP CEH. Wrote the paper: NG DAH EGD.