About the Authors

Kyriaki Nomikou

Affiliation Vector-Borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, United Kingdom

Joseph Hughes

Affiliation MRC–University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Rachael Wash

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Paul Kellam

Affiliations Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Division of Infection and Immunity, Research Department of Infection, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Emmanuel Breard

Affiliation French Agency for Food, Environment and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France

Stéphan Zientara

Affiliation French Agency for Food, Environment and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France

Massimo Palmarini

Affiliation MRC–University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Roman Biek

roman.biek@glasgow.ac.uk (RB); peter.mertens@pirbright.ac.uk (PM)

‡ RB and PM are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliations MRC–University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Peter Mertens

roman.biek@glasgow.ac.uk (RB); peter.mertens@pirbright.ac.uk (PM)

‡ RB and PM are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliation Vector-Borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RB PM. Performed the experiments: KN. Analyzed the data: JH KN RB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: EB SZ RW PK. Wrote the paper: RB KN JH MP PM.