About the Authors

Sampa Santra

Contributed equally to this work with: Sampa Santra, Georgia D. Tomaras, Ranjit Warrier, Nathan I. Nicely

ssantra@bidmc.harvard.edu (SS); gdt@duke.edu (GDT); hayne002@mc.duke.edu (BFH)

Affiliation Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Georgia D. Tomaras

Contributed equally to this work with: Sampa Santra, Georgia D. Tomaras, Ranjit Warrier, Nathan I. Nicely

ssantra@bidmc.harvard.edu (SS); gdt@duke.edu (GDT); hayne002@mc.duke.edu (BFH)

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Ranjit Warrier

Contributed equally to this work with: Sampa Santra, Georgia D. Tomaras, Ranjit Warrier, Nathan I. Nicely

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Nathan I. Nicely

Contributed equally to this work with: Sampa Santra, Georgia D. Tomaras, Ranjit Warrier, Nathan I. Nicely

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Hua-Xin Liao

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Justin Pollara

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Pinghuang Liu

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

S. Munir Alam

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Ruijun Zhang

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Sarah L. Cocklin

Affiliation Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Xiaoying Shen

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Ryan Duffy

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Shi-Mao Xia

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Robert J. Schutte

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Charles W. Pemble IV

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

S. Moses Dennison

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Hui Li

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Andrew Chao

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Kora Vidnovic

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Abbey Evans

Affiliation Department of Medicine, St Mary’s Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Katja Klein

Affiliation Department of Medicine, St Mary’s Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Amit Kumar

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

James Robinson

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America

Gary Landucci

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Donald N. Forthal

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

David C. Montefiori

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Jaranit Kaewkungwal

Affiliation Tropical Hygiene, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

Sorachai Nitayaphan

Affiliation Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand

Punnee Pitisuttithum

Affiliation Clinical Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

Supachai Rerks-Ngarm

Affiliation Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand

Merlin L. Robb

Affiliation US Military Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America

Nelson L. Michael

Affiliation US Military Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America

Jerome H. Kim

Current address: Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea

Affiliation US Military Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America

Kelly A. Soderberg

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Elena E. Giorgi

Affiliation Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America

Lily Blair

Affiliation Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America

Bette T. Korber

Affiliation Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America

Christiane Moog

Affiliation U1109, INSERM University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Alsace, France

Robin J. Shattock

Affiliation Department of Medicine, St Mary’s Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Norman L. Letvin

† Deceased.

Affiliation Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Joern E. Schmitz

Affiliation Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

M. A. Moody

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Feng Gao

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Guido Ferrari

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

George M. Shaw

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Barton F. Haynes

ssantra@bidmc.harvard.edu (SS); gdt@duke.edu (GDT); hayne002@mc.duke.edu (BFH)

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SS GDT RW NIN HL JP PL SMA DNF DCM KAS EEG BTK CM RJSh NLL JES MAM FG GF GMS BFH. Performed the experiments: SMA JP GL RZ SLC XS RD SMX RJSc CWP SMD HL AC KV AE KK AK. Analyzed the data: SS GDT RW NIN HXL JP PL SMA GL DNF DCM LB EEG BTK CM RJSh JES MAM FG GF GMS BFH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HXL JR JK SN PP SRN MLR NLM JHK. Wrote the paper: SS GDT RW NIN JP DCM MLR NLM JHK EEG BTK CM RJSh JES MAM FG GF GMS BFH.