About the Authors

Eleanor R. Watkins

Affiliation Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Bridget S. Penman

Affiliation Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

José Lourenço

Affiliation Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Caroline O. Buckee

Affiliation Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Martin C. J. Maiden

Affiliation Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Sunetra Gupta

sunetra.gupta@zoo.ox.ac.uk

Affiliation Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SG ERW. Performed the experiments: ERW BSP. Analyzed the data: ERW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ERW BSP JL. Wrote the paper: SG ERW JL COB MCJM.