About the Authors

Chikako Kataoka

Affiliation Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Tadaki Suzuki

Affiliation Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Osamu Kotani

Affiliation Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Naoko Iwata-Yoshikawa

Affiliation Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Noriyo Nagata

Affiliation Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Yasushi Ami

Affiliation Division of Experimental Animal Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Takaji Wakita

Affiliation Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Yorihiro Nishimura

Affiliations Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Hiroyuki Shimizu

hshimizu@nih.go.jp

Affiliation Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: YN HS. Performed the experiments: CK YN TS OK NIY NN YA HS. Analyzed the data: CK TS OK NIY NN TW HS. Wrote the paper: CK TW YN HS. Performed animal studies or pathological analysis: CK TS OK NIY NN YA HS.