About the Authors

Stephanie M. Rangel

Affiliation Departments of Microbiology/Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Univesity, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Maureen H. Diaz

Current address: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Respiratory Disease Branch, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.

Affiliation Departments of Microbiology/Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Univesity, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Claire A. Knoten

Affiliation Departments of Microbiology/Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Univesity, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Angelica Zhang

Affiliation Departments of Microbiology/Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Univesity, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Alan R. Hauser

ahauser@northwestern.edu

Affiliations Departments of Microbiology/Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Univesity, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Competing Interests

We have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: ARH is a co-investigator on a grant with Microbiotix, Inc. to develop type III secretion inhibitors. This does not alter our adherence to all PLOS policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SMR MHD CAK AZ ARH. Performed the experiments: SMR CAK AZ. Analyzed the data: SMR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MHD CAK ARH. Wrote the paper: SMR ARH.