Is Antigenic Sin Always “Original?” Re-examining the Evidence Regarding Circulation of a Human H1 Influenza Virus Immediately Prior to the 1918 Spanish Flu

Alain Gagnon; J. Enrique Acosta; Joaquin Madrenas; Matthew S. Miller

doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004615

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Is Antigenic Sin Always “Original?” Re-examining the Evidence Regarding Circulation of a Human H1 Influenza Virus Immediately Prior to the 1918 Spanish Flu

Alain Gagnon,

Affiliation Département de Démographie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
⨯
J. Enrique Acosta,

Affiliation Département de Démographie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
⨯
Joaquin Madrenas,

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Microbiome and Disease Tolerance Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
⨯
Matthew S. Miller

* E-mail: mmiller@mcmaster.ca

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
⨯

Is Antigenic Sin Always “Original?” Re-examining the Evidence Regarding Circulation of a Human H1 Influenza Virus Immediately Prior to the 1918 Spanish Flu

Alain Gagnon,
J. Enrique Acosta,
Joaquin Madrenas,
Matthew S. Miller

Published: March 5, 2015
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004615

About the Authors

Alain Gagnon

Affiliation Département de Démographie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

J. Enrique Acosta

Affiliation Département de Démographie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Joaquin Madrenas

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Microbiome and Disease Tolerance Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Matthew S. Miller

* E-mail: mmiller@mcmaster.ca

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Pandemics
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Influenza viruses
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Antibodies
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Death rates
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H1N1
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Influenza
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Antigenic variation
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Swine influenza
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