About the Authors

Virginia E. Pitzer

virginia.pitzer@yale.edu

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Cécile Viboud

Affiliation Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Wladimir J. Alonso

Affiliation Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Tanya Wilcox

Affiliation Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

C. Jessica Metcalf

Affiliations Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America

Claudia A. Steiner

Affiliation Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Center for Delivery, Organization and Markets, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Amber K. Haynes

Affiliation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Bryan T. Grenfell

Affiliations Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: VEP CV WJA CJM BTG. Performed the experiments: VEP CV WJA TW CJM BTG. Analyzed the data: VEP CV WJA TW CJM BTG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CAS AKH. Wrote the paper: VEP CV WJA TW CJM CAS AKH BTG.