About the Authors

Emilie Sundqvist

Affiliation Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Dorothea Buck

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

Clemens Warnke

Affiliation The Multiple Sclerosis Research Group, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Eva Albrecht

Affiliation Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany

Christian Gieger

Affiliation Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany

Mohsen Khademi

Affiliation Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Izaura Lima Bomfim

Affiliation Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Anna Fogdell-Hahn

Affiliation The Multiple Sclerosis Research Group, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Jenny Link

Affiliation The Multiple Sclerosis Research Group, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Lars Alfredsson

Affiliation Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Helle Bach Søndergaard

Affiliation Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

Jan Hillert

Affiliation The Multiple Sclerosis Research Group, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium

Membership of International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium is provided in the Acknowledgments.

Annette B. Oturai

Affiliation Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

Bernhard Hemme

Affiliations Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany

Ingrid Kockum

Contributed equally to this work with: Ingrid Kockum, Tomas Olsson

ingrid.kockum@ki.se

Affiliation Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Tomas Olsson

Contributed equally to this work with: Ingrid Kockum, Tomas Olsson

Affiliation Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Competing Interests

Tomas Olsson has received lecture and or advisory board honoraria from BiogenIdec, Novartis, Genzyme and Merck. The same companies have provided unrestricted MS research grants. Bernard Hemmer has received lecture and advisory board honoraria from Biogenidec, Novartism Bayer, Teva, Roche, Glaxo-Smith-Kline, Chugai and Merck-Serono. Biogenidec, Novartis, Metanomics, 5Prime, Roche, Bayer and Merck-Serono have supported the Department of Neurology of the Technische Universität München with research grants. This does not alter our adherence to all PLOS policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JH ABO BH IK TO LA. Performed the experiments: ES DB CW HBS JL MK. Analyzed the data: ES EA IK ILB CW CG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LA JH TO AFH ABO BH. Wrote the paper: ES CW TO IK.