About the Authors

Sergio Serrano-Villar

serranovillar@gmail.com

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain

Talia Sainz

Affiliation Molecular Immune Biology Laboratory, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain

Sulggi A. Lee

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Peter W. Hunt

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Elizabeth Sinclair

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Barbara L. Shacklett

Affiliation Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America

April L. Ferre

Affiliation Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America

Timothy L. Hayes

Affiliation Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America

Ma Somsouk

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Priscilla Y. Hsue

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Mark L. Van Natta

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Curtis L. Meinert

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Michael M. Lederman

Affiliation Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Hiroyu Hatano

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Vivek Jain

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Yong Huang

Affiliation Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Frederick M. Hecht

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Jeffrey N. Martin

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Joseph M. McCune

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Santiago Moreno

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain

Steven G. Deeks

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SSV TS PWH SM SGD. Performed the experiments: ES BLS TLH ALF YH. Analyzed the data: SSV TS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SSV SAL CLM MLVN HH PYH MS JNM FMH MML VJ JMM SM SGD. Wrote the paper: SSV. Developed the statistical analysis plan: SSV TS SAL PWH. Served as the chief investigators: SSV SGD.