About the Authors

Hendrik Jan Thibaut

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Lonneke van der Linden

Contributed equally to this work with: Lonneke van der Linden, Ping Jiang

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, Department Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Ping Jiang

Contributed equally to this work with: Lonneke van der Linden, Ping Jiang

Affiliation Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America

Bert Thys

Affiliation Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium

María-Dolores Canela

Affiliation Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain

Leire Aguado

Affiliation Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain

Bart Rombaut

† Deceased.

Affiliation Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium

Eckard Wimmer

Affiliation Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America

Aniko Paul

Affiliation Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America

María-Jesús Pérez-Pérez

Affiliation Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain

Frank J. M. van Kuppeveld

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Johan Neyts

johan.neyts@rega.kuleuven.be

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HJT FJMvK JN. Performed the experiments: HJT LvdL PJ BT MDC. Analyzed the data: HJT LvdL PJ BT EW AP MJPP FJMvK JN. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HJT LvdL PJ BT MDC LA BR. Wrote the paper: HJT FJMvK JN.