About the Authors

Veerle Lejon

veerle.lejon@ird.fr

Affiliations Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 177 IRD-CIRAD INTERTRYP, Montpellier, France

Dieudonné Mumba Ngoyi

Affiliation Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Luc Kestens

Affiliation Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

Luc Boel

Affiliation Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

Barbara Barbé

Affiliation Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

Victor Kande Betu

Affiliation Programme Nationale de Lutte contre la Trypanosomiase Humaine Africaine, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Johan van Griensven

Affiliation Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

Emmanuel Bottieau

Affiliation Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

Jean-Jacques Muyembe Tamfum

Affiliation Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Jan Jacobs

Affiliation Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

Philippe Büscher

Affiliation Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: VL DMN LK VKB JvG EB JJMT JJ PB. Performed the experiments: VL DMN LB BB. Analyzed the data: VL LK LB BB JvG JJ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DMN LK LB VK JJMT JJ PB. Wrote the paper: VL LK JvG EB JJ PB.