About the Authors

Hiroyuki Oshiumi

oshiumi@med.hokudai.ac.jp

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan

Moeko Miyashita

Current address: Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, Katsuraoka-cho, Otaru, Hokkaido, Japan.

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan

Misako Matsumoto

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan

Tsukasa Seya

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HO MMi MMa TS. Performed the experiments: HO MMi. Analyzed the data: HO MMi. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HO MMi. Wrote the paper: HO MMi TS.