About the Authors

Xinghong Dai

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, The California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Xuekui Yu

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, The California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Hao Gong

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Xiaohong Jiang

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Gerrado Abenes

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Hongrong Liu

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, The California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Sakar Shivakoti

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, The California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

William J. Britt

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Hua Zhu

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America

Fenyong Liu

Liu_fy@berkekey.edu (FL, concerning ribozymes and cell lines); Hong.Zhou@UCLA.edu (ZHZ, concerning viruses and structures)

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Z. Hong Zhou

Liu_fy@berkekey.edu (FL, concerning ribozymes and cell lines); Hong.Zhou@UCLA.edu (ZHZ, concerning viruses and structures)

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, The California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ZHZ XY. Performed the experiments: XD XY HG XJ GA HL SS. Analyzed the data: XD ZHZ XY FL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: WJB HZ. Wrote the paper: XD ZHZ XY FL.