About the Authors

Crystal Y. Chen

Contributed equally to this work with: Crystal Y. Chen, Shuyu Yao, Dan Huang

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Shuyu Yao

Contributed equally to this work with: Crystal Y. Chen, Shuyu Yao, Dan Huang

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Dan Huang

Contributed equally to this work with: Crystal Y. Chen, Shuyu Yao, Dan Huang

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Huiyong Wei

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Helene Sicard

Affiliation Innate Pharma, Marseille, France

Gucheng Zeng

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Hassan Jomaa

Affiliation Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany

Michelle H. Larsen

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America

William R. Jacobs Jr

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America

Richard Wang

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Norman Letvin

† Deceased.

Affiliation Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Yun Shen

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Liyou Qiu

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Ling Shen

Affiliation Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Zheng W. Chen

zchen@uic.edu

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Competing Interests

All authors do not have any competing interests. H. Sicard is employed by Innate Pharma, but this does not alter our adherence to all the PLOS Pathogens policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CYC SY DH. Performed the experiments: CYC SY DH HW GZ RW LQ YS LS. Analyzed the data: CYC SY DH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HS HJ MHL WRJ. Wrote the paper: CYC ZWC. Provided scientific inputs for designing study: LS NL.