About the Authors

Richeng Mao

Contributed equally to this work with: Richeng Mao, Hui Nie

Affiliations Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of the Ministries of Education and Health, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

Hui Nie

Contributed equally to this work with: Richeng Mao, Hui Nie

Affiliation Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Dawei Cai

Affiliation Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Jiming Zhang

Affiliation Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of the Ministries of Education and Health, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

Hongyan Liu

Affiliation Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of the Ministries of Education and Health, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

Ran Yan

Affiliation Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Andrea Cuconati

Affiliation Institute for Hepatitis and Virus Research, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Timothy M. Block

Affiliations Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Institute for Hepatitis and Virus Research, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Ju-Tao Guo

Affiliation Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Haitao Guo

Haitao.Guo@drexelmed.edu

Affiliation Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RM HN DC JZ HG. Performed the experiments: RM HN DC HL RY HG. Analyzed the data: RM HN DC JZ HL JTG HG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AC TMB JTG. Wrote the paper: RM HN DC HG.