About the Authors

Jan Felix Drexler

Affiliation Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany

Victor Max Corman

Affiliation Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany

Marcel Alexander Müller

Affiliation Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany

Alexander N. Lukashev

Affiliation Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, Moscow, Russia

Anatoly Gmyl

Affiliations Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, Moscow, Russia, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

Bruno Coutard

Affiliation Architectures et Fonctions des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257 CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France

Alexander Adam

Affiliation Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne Medical Centre, Cologne, Germany

Daniel Ritz

Affiliation Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany

Lonneke M. Leijten

Affiliation Erasmus MC, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Debby van Riel

Affiliation Erasmus MC, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Rene Kallies

Affiliation Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany

Stefan M. Klose

Affiliation Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany

Florian Gloza-Rausch

Affiliations Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany, Noctalis, Centre for Bat Protection and Information, Bad Segeberg, Germany

Tabea Binger

Affiliation Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany

Augustina Annan

Affiliation Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana

Yaw Adu-Sarkodie

Affiliation Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

Samuel Oppong

Affiliation Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

Mathieu Bourgarel

Affiliation Centre de Cooperation Internationale de Recherche en Agronomie pour le Développement, UPR AGIRs, Montpellier, France

Daniel Rupp

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Medical Facility, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany

Bernd Hoffmann

Affiliation Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute for Virus Diagnostics, Greifswald–Insel Riems, Germany

Mathias Schlegel

Affiliation Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald–Insel Riems, Germany

Beate M. Kümmerer

Affiliation Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany

Detlev H. Krüger

Affiliation Institute of Medical Virology (Helmut Ruska Haus), Charité Medical School, Berlin, Germany

Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit

Affiliation Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Virology, Hamburg, Germany

Alvaro Aguilar Setién

Affiliation Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología, Hospital de Pediatría, México DF, Mexico

Veronika M. Cottontail

Affiliation Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany

Thiravat Hemachudha

Affiliation Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Center for Research and Development, Bangkok, Thailand

Supaporn Wacharapluesadee

Affiliation Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Center for Research and Development, Bangkok, Thailand

Klaus Osterrieder

Affiliation Institute of Virology, Free University of Berlin, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany

Ralf Bartenschlager

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Medical Facility, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany

Sonja Matthee

Affiliation Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa

Martin Beer

Affiliation Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute for Virus Diagnostics, Greifswald–Insel Riems, Germany

Thijs Kuiken

Affiliation Erasmus MC, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Chantal Reusken

Affiliation Netherlands Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, The Netherlands

Eric M. Leroy

Affiliations Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 224 (MIVEGEC), IRD/CNRS/UM1, Montpellier, France

Rainer G. Ulrich

Affiliation Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald–Insel Riems, Germany

Christian Drosten

drosten@virology-bonn.de

Affiliation Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: J. Drexler, T. Kuiken, B. Coutard, M. Beer, C. Drosten. Performed the experiments: J. Drexler, V. Corman, D. Ritz, L. Leijten, D. van Riel, B. Coutard, R. Kallies, M. Beer, B. Hoffmann, A. Adam, T. Hemachudha, S. Wacharapluesadee, A. Setién. Analyzed the data: J. Drexler, V. Corman, M. Müeller, C. Drosten, T. Kuiken, A. Lukashev, A. Gmyl, B. Küemmerer. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: B. Coutard, E. Leroy, M. Bourgarel, M. Beer, B. Hoffmann, K. Osterrieder, D. Rupp, R. Bartenschlager, C. Reusken, A. Setién, J. Schmidt-Chanasit, R. Ulrich, D. Krüeger, M. Schlegel, T. Binger, A. Annan, Y. Adu-Sarkodie, S. Oppong, S. Klose, F. Gloza-Rausch, V. Cottontail, T. Hemachudha, S. Wacharapluesadee, S. Matthee. Wrote the paper: J. Drexler, C. Drosten.