About the Authors

Iwana Schmitz

Affiliation Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Christoph Schneider

Affiliation Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Anja Fröhlich

Affiliation Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Helge Frebel

Affiliation Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Daniel Christ

Affiliations Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia, The University of New South Wales, Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia

Warren J. Leonard

Affiliation Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Tim Sparwasser

Affiliation Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE/Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany

Annette Oxenius

Affiliation Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Stefan Freigang

Contributed equally to this work with: Stefan Freigang, Manfred Kopf

stefan.freigang@biol.ethz.ch (SF) ; manfred.kopf@ethz.ch (MK)

Affiliation Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Manfred Kopf

Contributed equally to this work with: Stefan Freigang, Manfred Kopf

stefan.freigang@biol.ethz.ch (SF) ; manfred.kopf@ethz.ch (MK)

Affiliation Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Competing Interests

I have read the journal's policy and have the following conflicts: WJL is an inventor on patents related to IL-21. The other authors have no conflicting financial interests. This does not alter our adherence to all PLoS Pathogens policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: IS AO SF MK. Performed the experiments: IS CS AF HF. Analyzed the data: IS CS AF HF AO SF MK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TS WJL DC. Wrote the paper: IS SF MK.