About the Authors

Donald K. Milton

dmilton@umd.edu

Affiliations Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

M. Patricia Fabian

Contributed equally to this work with: M. Patricia Fabian, James J. McDevitt

Affiliations Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Benjamin J. Cowling

Affiliation Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Li KaShing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

Michael L. Grantham

Affiliation Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

James J. McDevitt

Contributed equally to this work with: M. Patricia Fabian, James J. McDevitt

Affiliation Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

BJC has received research funding from MedImmune Inc., and consults for Crucell MV. The authors declare that no other competing interests exist.This does not alter our adherence to all PLoS Pathogens policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DKM MPF JJM. Performed the experiments: DKM MPF JJM. Analyzed the data: DKM. Wrote the paper: DKM MPF BJC MLG JJM. Performed confirmatory experiments: MLG Provided statistical consultation: BJC.