About the Authors

Mayo Yasugi

Affiliations Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan, The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan

Ritsuko Kubota-Koketsu

Affiliations Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan, The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan, Kanonji Institute, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kanonji, Kagawa, Japan

Akifumi Yamashita

Affiliation Department of Genome Informatics, RIMD, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan

Norihito Kawashita

Affiliation Department of Environmental Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan

Anariwa Du

Affiliations Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan, The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan

Tadahiro Sasaki

Affiliations Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan, The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan

Mitsuhiro Nishimura

Affiliations Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan, The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan

Ryo Misaki

Affiliations The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan, Applied Microbiology Laboratory, International Center of Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan

Motoki Kuhara

Affiliations The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan, Ina Laboratory, Medical & Biological Laboratories Corporation, Ltd., Ina, Nagano, Japan

Naphatsawan Boonsathorn

Affiliations The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Muang, Nonthaburi, Thailand

Kazuhito Fujiyama

Affiliations The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan, Applied Microbiology Laboratory, International Center of Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan

Yoshinobu Okuno

Affiliation Kanonji Institute, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kanonji, Kagawa, Japan

Takaaki Nakaya

Current address: Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.

Affiliations The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan

Kazuyoshi Ikuta

ikuta@biken.osaka-u.ac.jp

Affiliations Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan, The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MY KI. Performed the experiments: MY RKK AD TS MN RM NB. Analyzed the data: MY AY NK KF YO TN KI. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MK. Wrote the paper: MY KI. Performed the molecular modeling: NK.