About the Authors

Julia Schmidt

Affiliations Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

Astrid K. N. Iversen

astrid.iversen@ndcn.ox.ac.uk (AKNI); robert.thimme@uniklinik-freiburg.de (RT)

Affiliation Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom

Stefan Tenzer

Affiliation Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany

Emma Gostick

Affiliation Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom

David A. Price

Affiliation Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom

Volker Lohmann

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

Ute Distler

Affiliation Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany

Paul Bowness

Affiliations Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom

Hansjörg Schild

Affiliation Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany

Hubert E. Blum

Affiliation Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

Paul Klenerman

Affiliation Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom

Christoph Neumann-Haefelin

Contributed equally to this work with: Christoph Neumann-Haefelin, Robert Thimme

Affiliation Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

Robert Thimme

Contributed equally to this work with: Christoph Neumann-Haefelin, Robert Thimme

astrid.iversen@ndcn.ox.ac.uk (AKNI); robert.thimme@uniklinik-freiburg.de (RT)

Affiliation Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JS AKNI ST PK CNH RT. Performed the experiments: JS ST UD. Analyzed the data: JS AKNI ST CNH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: EG DAP VL PB HS HEB. Wrote the paper: JS AKNI ST DAP PK CNH RT.