About the Authors

Johanna Nykyri

Contributed equally to this work with: Johanna Nykyri, Outi Niemi

Affiliation Department of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Outi Niemi

Contributed equally to this work with: Johanna Nykyri, Outi Niemi

Affiliation Department of Biosciences, Division of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Patrik Koskinen

Affiliation Department of Biosciences, Division of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Jussi Nokso-Koivisto

Affiliation Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Miia Pasanen

Affiliation Department of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Martin Broberg

Affiliations Department of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Biosciences, Division of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Ilja Plyusnin

Affiliation Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Petri Törönen

Affiliation Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Liisa Holm

Affiliations Department of Biosciences, Division of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Minna Pirhonen

Affiliation Department of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

E. Tapio Palva

tapio.palva@helsinki.fi

Affiliation Department of Biosciences, Division of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: J. Nykyri, O. Niemi, E.T. Palva, M. Pirhonen, P. Koskinen, L. Holm. Performed the experiments: J. Nykyri, O. Niemi, P. Koskinen, J. Nokso-Koivisto, I. Plyusnin, M. Broberg, M. Pasanen. Analyzed the data: J. Nykyri, O. Niemi. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: P. Koskinen, P. Törönen, L. Holm. Wrote the paper: J. Nykyri, O. Niemi, E.T. Palva.