About the Authors

Dongzhu Ma

Contributed equally to this work with: Dongzhu Ma, Anna Jasinska

Affiliation Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Anna Jasinska

Contributed equally to this work with: Dongzhu Ma, Anna Jasinska

Affiliation Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Jan Kristoff

Affiliation Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

J. Paul Grobler

Affiliation Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa

Trudy Turner

Affiliations Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa, Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America

Yoon Jung

Affiliation Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Christopher Schmitt

Affiliation Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Kevin Raehtz

Affiliation Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Felix Feyertag

Affiliation Computational and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Natalie Martinez Sosa

Affiliation Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Viskam Wijewardana

Affiliation Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Donald S. Burke

Affiliation Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

David L. Robertson

Affiliation Computational and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Russell Tracy

Affiliation Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America

Ivona Pandrea

Affiliations Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Nelson Freimer

Affiliation Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Cristian Apetrei

apetreic@pitt.edu

Affiliations Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Collected and processed the samples: AJ JPG TT YJ CS NF. Conceived and designed the experiments: DM AJ IP NF DLR CA. Performed the experiments: DM JK KR NMS VW DSB FF DLR RT IP CA. Analyzed the data: CA IP NF AJ DLR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DSB RT DLR FF. Wrote the paper: DM AJ DLR IP NF CA.