About the Authors

Helen M. Wise

Affiliations Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom

Edward C. Hutchinson

Current address: Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Affiliation Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Brett W. Jagger

Affiliations Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Amanda D. Stuart

Affiliation Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Zi H. Kang

Affiliation Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Nicole Robb

Affiliation Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Louis M. Schwartzman

Affiliation Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

John C. Kash

Affiliation Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Ervin Fodor

Affiliation Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Andrew E. Firth

Affiliation Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Julia R. Gog

Affiliation DAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Jeffery K. Taubenberger

Affiliation Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Paul Digard

paul.digard@roslin.ed.ac.uk

Affiliations Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HMW ECH BWJ ADS JCK PD. Performed the experiments: HMW ECH BWJ ADS ZHK NR LMS JCK. Analyzed the data: HMW ECH BWJ ADS NR LMS JCK EF AEF JRG JKT PD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NR EF AEF JRG JKT PD. Wrote the paper: HMW ECH BWJ PD.