About the Authors

Youssif M. Ali

Affiliations Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt

Nicholas J. Lynch

Affiliation Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom

Kashif S. Haleem

Affiliation Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom

Teizo Fujita

Affiliation Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan

Yuichi Endo

Affiliation Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan

Soren Hansen

Affiliation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

Uffe Holmskov

Affiliation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

Kazue Takahashi

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Gregory L. Stahl

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Thomas Dudler

Affiliation Omeros Corporation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Umakhanth V. Girija

Affiliation Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom

Russell Wallis

Affiliation Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom

Aras Kadioglu

Current address: Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Affiliation Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom

Cordula M. Stover

Affiliation Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom

Peter W. Andrew

Affiliation Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom

Wilhelm J. Schwaeble

ws5@le.ac.uk

Affiliation Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

I have read the journal's policy and have the following conflicts: Thomas Dudler is an employee of Omeros Inc., which aims to market anti-MASP-2 monoclonal antibodies for therapeutic use. Thomas Dudler, Wilhelm J. Schwaeble, Cordula M. Stover and Teizo Fujita are named inventors on patents held by the University of Leicester, protecting the I.P. behind the therapeutic application of MASP-2 specific inhibitors for treating lectin pathway mediated inflammatory pathologies. This does not alter our adherence to all PLoS Pathogens policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: WJS YMA NJL GLS TD RW AK PWA. Performed the experiments: YMA NJL KSH UVG. Analyzed the data: YMA NJL KSH TD UVG RW PWA WJS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TF YE SH UH KT RW GLS CMS. Wrote the paper: WS NJL PWA.