About the Authors

Xuefang Xu

Current address: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.

Affiliation Immunity and Infection Division, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom

Sean P. McAteer

Affiliation Immunity and Infection Division, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom

Jai J. Tree

Affiliation Immunity and Infection Division, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom

Darren J. Shaw

Affiliation Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom

Eliza B. K. Wolfson

Affiliation Immunity and Infection Division, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom

Scott A. Beatson

Affiliation School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

Andrew J. Roe

Affiliation Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Lesley J. Allison

Affiliation Scottish E. coli VTEC Reference Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Margo E. Chase-Topping

Affiliation Centre for Immunity, Infection & Evolution, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Arvind Mahajan

Affiliation Immunity and Infection Division, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom

Rosangela Tozzoli

Affiliation European Union Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli, Istituto Superiore di Sanitá, Dipartimento di Sanitá Pubblica Veterinaria e Sicurezza Alimentare, Rome, Italy

Mark E. J. Woolhouse

Affiliation Centre for Immunity, Infection & Evolution, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Stefano Morabito

Affiliation European Union Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli, Istituto Superiore di Sanitá, Dipartimento di Sanitá Pubblica Veterinaria e Sicurezza Alimentare, Rome, Italy

David L. Gally

dgally@ed.ac.uk

Affiliation Immunity and Infection Division, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: XX SPM JJT MECT MEJW DLG. Performed the experiments: XX SPM JJT. Analyzed the data: XX SPM JJT DJS LJA SAB AJR AM DLG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: XX SPM JJT LJA MECT RT MEJW SM. Wrote the paper: XX SPM DJS EBKW AJR LJA MECT AM MEJW DLG.