About the Authors

Ashfaq Ghumra

Affiliation Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Jean-Philippe Semblat

Contributed equally to this work with: Jean-Philippe Semblat, Ricardo Ataide, Carolyne Kifude, Yvonne Adams

Affiliation Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Ricardo Ataide

Contributed equally to this work with: Jean-Philippe Semblat, Ricardo Ataide, Carolyne Kifude, Yvonne Adams

Affiliation Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Carolyne Kifude

Contributed equally to this work with: Jean-Philippe Semblat, Ricardo Ataide, Carolyne Kifude, Yvonne Adams

Affiliations Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya

Yvonne Adams

Contributed equally to this work with: Jean-Philippe Semblat, Ricardo Ataide, Carolyne Kifude, Yvonne Adams

Affiliation Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Antoine Claessens

Affiliation Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Damian N. Anong

Affiliation Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon

Peter C. Bull

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya

Clare Fennell

Affiliation Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Monica Arman

Affiliation Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Alfred Amambua-Ngwa

Affiliation Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia

Michael Walther

Affiliation Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia

David J. Conway

Affiliation Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia

Lalla Kassambara

Affiliation Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali

Ogobara K. Doumbo

Affiliation Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali

Ahmed Raza

Affiliation Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

J. Alexandra Rowe

Alex.Rowe@ed.ac.uk

Affiliation Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

I have read the journal's policy and have the following conflicts: JAR and AG are applying for a patent on the basis of the data shown in this manuscript.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JAR AG JPS RA CK YA CF. Performed the experiments: AG JPS RA CK AR YA CF. Analyzed the data: AG JPS RA CK YA JAR CF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AC DNA PCB CF MA AAN MW DJC LK OKD. Wrote the paper: AG JAR.