About the Authors

Paolo Di Giovine

Contributed equally to this work with: Paolo Di Giovine, Ethan C. Settembre

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRBM P. Angeletti, Pomezia, Rome, Italy

Ethan C. Settembre

Contributed equally to this work with: Paolo Di Giovine, Ethan C. Settembre

Affiliation Protein Biochemistry, Novartis Vaccine and Diagnostics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Arjun K. Bhargava

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Micah A. Luftig

Current address: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRBM P. Angeletti, Pomezia, Rome, Italy

Huan Lou

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Gary H. Cohen

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Roselyn J. Eisenberg

Affiliation Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Claude Krummenacher

ckrummen@dental.upenn.edu (CK); andrea.carfi@novartis.com (AC)

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Andrea Carfi

ckrummen@dental.upenn.edu (CK); andrea.carfi@novartis.com (AC)

Current address: Protein Biochemistry, Novartis Vaccine & Diagnostics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRBM P. Angeletti, Pomezia, Rome, Italy

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AC CK RJE GHC PDG. Performed the experiments: PDG AKB MAL HL AC. Analyzed the data: PDG ECS CK AC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GHC RJE CK PDG AC. Wrote the paper: CK AC PDG ECS.