About the Authors

Maria Fookes

These authors have contributed equally to this manuscript and should be considered joint first.

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Gunnar N. Schroeder

These authors have contributed equally to this manuscript and should be considered joint first.

Affiliation Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Gemma C. Langridge

These authors have contributed equally to this manuscript and should be considered joint first.

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Carlos J. Blondel

Affiliation Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

Caterina Mammina

Affiliation Dept. Sciences for Health Promotion “G. D'Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

Thomas R. Connor

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Helena Seth-Smith

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Georgios S. Vernikos

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Keith S. Robinson

Affiliation Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Mandy Sanders

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Nicola K. Petty

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Robert A. Kingsley

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Andreas J. Bäumler

Affiliation Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United State of America

Sean-Paul Nuccio

Affiliation Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United State of America

Inés Contreras

Affiliation Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

Carlos A. Santiviago

Affiliation Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

Duncan Maskell

Affiliation Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Paul Barrow

Affiliation School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, United Kingdom

Tom Humphrey

Affiliation National Centre for Zoonosis Research, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Wirral, United Kingdom

Antonino Nastasi

Affiliation Dipartimento di Sanità Publica, Università di Firenze, Italy

Mark Roberts

Affiliation Institute of Comparative Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Gad Frankel

Affiliation Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Julian Parkhill

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Gordon Dougan

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Nicholas R. Thomson

nrt@sanger.ac.uk

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MF GNS GCL CJB TRC HSS GSV NKP KSR MR DM PB TH GF JP GD NRT. Performed the experiments: MF GNS GCL CJB CM HSS NKP KSR MS JP GD NRT. Analyzed the data: MF GNS GCL CJB CM TRC HSS GSV KSR RAK MR GF NRT. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CM MS NKP RAK AJB SN IC CAS DM PB TH AN MR GF JP GD NRT. Wrote the paper: MF GNS GCL CJB TRC HSS GSV NKP RAK MR GF JP GD NRT.