About the Authors

Matthew S. Lalonde

These authors contributed equally to the experimental studies.

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Michael A. Lobritz

These authors contributed equally to the experimental studies.

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Annette Ratcliff

These authors contributed equally to the experimental studies.

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Mastooreh Chamanian

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Zafiria Athanassiou

Affiliation Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Mudit Tyagi

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Julian Wong

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

John A. Robinson

Affiliation Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Jonathan Karn

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Gabriele Varani

Affiliation Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Eric J. Arts

eja3@case.edu

Affiliations Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MSL MAL AR JK GV EJA. Performed the experiments: MSL MAL AR MC ZA MT JW. Analyzed the data: MSL MAL AR MC ZA MT JW JK GV EJA. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MSL AR MC JAR JK GV EJA. Wrote the paper: MSL MAL AR JK GV EJA.