About the Authors

Alison T. Isaacs

Contributed equally to this work with: Alison T. Isaacs, Fengwu Li

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America

Fengwu Li

Contributed equally to this work with: Alison T. Isaacs, Fengwu Li

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Nijole Jasinskiene

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America

Xiaoguang Chen

Affiliation Department of Parasitology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guang Zhou, GD, China

Xavier Nirmala

Affiliations Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America, USDA/ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America

Osvaldo Marinotti

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America

Joseph M. Vinetz

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Anthony A. James

aajames@uci.edu

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ATI FL NJ XC XN OM JMV AAJ. Performed the experiments: ATI FL NJ. Analyzed the data: ATI FL NJ XC XN OM JMV AAJ. Wrote the paper: ATI FL OM JMV AAJ.