About the Authors
- Carmenza Spadafora
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Affiliations Department of Medicine, the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Cellular Injury, Division of Military Casualty Research, the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología-AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad del Saber, Clayton, Panamá
- Gordon A. Awandare
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Contributed equally to this work with: Gordon A. Awandare, Karen M. Kopydlowski
Affiliation Division of Malaria Vaccine Development, the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Karen M. Kopydlowski
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Contributed equally to this work with: Gordon A. Awandare, Karen M. Kopydlowski
Current address: US Army Medical Materiel Development Activity (USAMMDA), Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
Affiliation Department of Parasitology, Division of Experimental Therapeutics, the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Jozsef Czege
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Affiliation Biomedical Instrumentation Center, the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- J. Kathleen Moch
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Affiliation Department of Parasitology, Division of Experimental Therapeutics, the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Robert W. Finberg
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Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- George C. Tsokos
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Affiliations Department of Medicine, the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Cellular Injury, Division of Military Casualty Research, the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- José A. Stoute
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* E-mail: jstoute@psu.edu
Affiliations Department of Medicine, the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Cellular Injury, Division of Military Casualty Research, the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: CS GAA KMK GCT JAS. Analyzed the data: JAS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JKM RWF. Wrote the paper: JAS. Performed all invasion assays with microscopic readout, prepared cultures for immunofluorescent microscopy, and carried out flow cytometry for CR1: CS. Edited the manuscript: CS GAA KMK. Carried out all the invasion assays with flow cytometry readout including experiments involving wild strains: GAA. Prepared cells for and carried out immunofluorescent microscopy: KMK. Performed immunofluorescent microscopy and processed data files: JC. Maintained malaria cultures for experiments: JKM. Contributed human CR1 transgenic mouse strain: RWF. Posed the initial hypotheses, created an outline of the design of the experiments, performed the microsphere binding and immunofluorescent assays, and carried out the CR1 immunoprecipitation: JAS.