About the Authors

Holger B. Kramer

Affiliation Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

Kerry J. Lavender

Affiliation The Edward Jenner Institute for Vaccine Research, University of Oxford, Compton, Berkshire, United Kingdom

Li Qin

Affiliation Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research & Prevention, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Andrea R. Stacey

Affiliation The Edward Jenner Institute for Vaccine Research, University of Oxford, Compton, Berkshire, United Kingdom

Michael K. P. Liu

Affiliation Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

Katalin di Gleria

Affiliation Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

Alison Simmons

Affiliation Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

Nancy Gasper-Smith

Affiliation AIDS Vaccine Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Barton F. Haynes

Affiliation AIDS Vaccine Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Andrew J. McMichael

Affiliation Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

Persephone Borrow

Affiliation The Edward Jenner Institute for Vaccine Research, University of Oxford, Compton, Berkshire, United Kingdom

Benedikt M. Kessler

bmk@ccmp.ox.ac.uk

Affiliation Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HBK MKPL AJM PB BMK. Performed the experiments: HBK KJL ARS AS NGS BMK. Analyzed the data: HBK KJL LQ ARS KdG AS NGS PB BMK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HBK KJL ARS MKPL KdG AS NGS BFH PB. Wrote the paper: HBK KJL LQ ARS BFH AJM PB BMK.