About the Authors

T. Déirdre Hollingsworth

Affiliation MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Oliver Laeyendecker

Affiliations School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

George Shirreff

Affiliation MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Christl A. Donnelly

Affiliation MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

David Serwadda

Affiliations School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Rakai Health Science Program, Entebbe, Uganda

Maria J. Wawer

Affiliations Rakai Health Science Program, Entebbe, Uganda, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Noah Kiwanuka

Affiliations School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Rakai Health Science Program, Entebbe, Uganda

Fred Nalugoda

Affiliation Rakai Health Science Program, Entebbe, Uganda

Aleisha Collinson-Streng

Affiliation National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Victor Ssempijja

Affiliation Rakai Health Science Program, Entebbe, Uganda

William P. Hanage

Affiliation Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Thomas C. Quinn

Affiliations School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Ronald H. Gray

Affiliations Rakai Health Science Program, Entebbe, Uganda, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Christophe Fraser

c.fraser@imperial.ac.uk

Affiliation MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: TDH CF. Performed the experiments: OL DS MJW NK FN ACS VS TCQ RHG. Analyzed the data: TDH OL GS CAD ACS WPH CF. Wrote the paper: TDH OL WPH TCQ RHG CF.