About the Authors

George Makedonas

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Natalie Hutnick

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Danielle Haney

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Alexandra C. Amick

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Jay Gardner

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Gabriela Cosma

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Adam R. Hersperger

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Douglas Dolfi

Affiliation The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

E. John Wherry

Affiliation The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Guido Ferrari

Affiliation Department of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Michael R. Betts

betts@mail.med.upenn.edu

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GM MRB. Performed the experiments: GM NH DH ACA JG GC ARH DD. Analyzed the data: GM NH DH ACA JG GC ARH DD MRB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JG EJW GF MRB. Wrote the paper: GM EJW GF MRB.