About the Authors

Jean K. Lim

Affiliation Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Andrea Lisco

Affiliation Section on Intercellular Interactions, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

David H. McDermott

Affiliation Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Linda Huynh

Affiliation Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Jerrold M. Ward

Affiliation Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Bernard Johnson

Affiliation Illinois Department of Public Health, Division of Laboratories, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Hope Johnson

Affiliation Illinois Department of Public Health, Division of Laboratories, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

John Pape

Affiliation Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado, United States of America

Gregory A. Foster

Affiliation Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

David Krysztof

Affiliation Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Dean Follmann

Affiliation American Red Cross, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America

Susan L. Stramer

Affiliation Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Leonid B. Margolis

Affiliation Section on Intercellular Interactions, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Philip M. Murphy

pmm@nih.gov

Affiliation Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JKL AL DHM PMM. Performed the experiments: JKL AL LH JMW. Analyzed the data: JKL DHM LH DF PMM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AL JMW BJ HJ JP GAF DK DF SLS LM PMM. Wrote the paper: JKL DHM PMM.