About the Authors

Manuela Fogli

Contributed equally to this work with: Manuela Fogli, Domenico Mavilio

Affiliation Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Domenico Mavilio

Contributed equally to this work with: Manuela Fogli, Domenico Mavilio

dmavilio@niaid.nih.gov

Affiliations Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Milano, Italy

Enrico Brunetta

Affiliations Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Milano, Italy

Stefania Varchetta

Affiliations Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Milano, Italy, Centre for Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Italy

Khaled Ata

Affiliation Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Gregg Roby

Affiliation Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Colin Kovacs

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Dean Follmann

Affiliation Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Daniela Pende

Affiliation Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy

Jeffrey Ward

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America

Edward Barker

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Emanuela Marcenaro

Affiliation Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, University of Genova, Genova, Italy

Alessandro Moretta

Affiliation Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, University of Genova, Genova, Italy

Anthony S. Fauci

Affiliation Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: D. Mavilio. Performed the experiments: M. Fogli, E. Brunetta, S. Varchetta, K. Ata, J. Ward. Analyzed the data: M. Fogli, D. Mavilio, E. Brunetta, K. Ata, E. Barker, A. Moretta, A. Fauci. Wrote the paper: M. Fogli, D. Mavilio, E. Barker, A. Moretta, A. Fauci. Purified and titrated mAbs: D. Pende, E. Marcenaro. Performed statistical analysis: D. Follmann. Enrolled patients: G. Roby, C. Kovacs.