About the Authors

Jennifer L Konopka

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jennifer.konopka@vanderbilt.edu (JLK); robert_johnston@med.unc.edu (REJ)

Current address: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Lamb Center for Pediatric Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America , Carolina Vaccine Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Luiz O Penalva

Current address: Children's Cancer Research Institute, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for RNA Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Joseph M Thompson

Current address: Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America , Carolina Vaccine Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Laura J White

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America , Carolina Vaccine Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Clayton W Beard

Current address: Global Vaccines, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America , Carolina Vaccine Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Jack D Keene

Affiliation Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for RNA Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Robert E Johnston

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jennifer.konopka@vanderbilt.edu (JLK); robert_johnston@med.unc.edu (REJ)

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America , Carolina Vaccine Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

JLK, JDK, and REJ conceived of the project. JLK and REJ designed the experiments. JLK and JMT performed the experiments. JLK, LOP, LJW, CWB, JDK, and REJ analyzed the data. JLK, LOP, and JDK contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. JLK wrote the manuscript.