About the Authors

Tsubasa Munakata

Contributed equally to this work with: Tsubasa Munakata, Yuqiong Liang

Affiliations Center for Hepatitis Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America , Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Yuqiong Liang

Contributed equally to this work with: Tsubasa Munakata, Yuqiong Liang

Affiliations Center for Hepatitis Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America , Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America

Seungtaek Kim

Affiliations Center for Hepatitis Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America , Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America

David R McGivern

Affiliations Center for Hepatitis Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America , Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America

Jon Huibregtse

Affiliation Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America

Akio Nomoto

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Stanley M Lemon

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: smlemon@utmb.edu

Affiliations Center for Hepatitis Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America , Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America , Sealy Center for Cancer Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

TM, YL, SK, DRM, JH, and SML conceived and designed the experiments. TM, YL, SK, and JH performed the experiments. All authors analyzed the data. TM and JH contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. TM, DRM, JH, AN, and SML wrote the paper.