About the Authors

Stephane Daffis

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis. Missouri, United States of America

Melanie A Samuel

Affiliation Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis. Missouri, United States of America

Brian C Keller

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America

Michael Gale Jr.

¤ Current address: Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America

Michael S Diamond

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: diamond@borcim.wustl.edu

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis. Missouri, United States of America , Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis. Missouri, United States of America , Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

All authors conceived and designed the experiments and analyzed the data. SD, MAS, and BCK performed the experiments. SD, MAS, MG, and MSD wrote the paper.