About the Authors

Shahin Ranjbar

Contributed equally to this work with: Shahin Ranjbar, Alla V Tsytsykova

Affiliations CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Alla V Tsytsykova

Contributed equally to this work with: Shahin Ranjbar, Alla V Tsytsykova

Affiliations CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Sang-Kyung Lee

Affiliations CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea

Ricardo Rajsbaum

Affiliation CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

James V Falvo

¤ Current address: CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Judy Lieberman

Affiliations CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Premlata Shankar

Affiliations CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Anne E Goldfeld

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: goldfeld@cbrinstitute.org

Affiliations CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

SR designed the experiments, interpreted the data, isolated all of the viruses, and performed siRNA and plasmid transfection and virus infection experiments. AVT performed in vitro footprinting analysis and EMSA. SKL designed the siRNA primers and participated in the FACS experiments. RR performed the RT-PCR analyses. JVF participated in interpretation of data and preparation of the manuscript. JL and PS participated in the design of experiments and interpretation of data. AG actively participated in the design of experiments, interpretation of data, and preparation of the manuscript.