About the Authors

Katelyn Fenn

Contributed equally to this work with: Katelyn Fenn, Claire Conlon

Affiliation Institutes of Evolutionary Biology and Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Claire Conlon

Contributed equally to this work with: Katelyn Fenn, Claire Conlon

Affiliation Institutes of Evolutionary Biology and Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Martin Jones

Affiliation Institutes of Evolutionary Biology and Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Michael A Quail

Affiliation The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Nancy E Holroyd

Affiliation The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Julian Parkhill

Affiliation The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Mark Blaxter

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mark.blaxter@ed.ac.uk

Affiliation Institutes of Evolutionary Biology and Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

KF, CC, MJ, MAQ, JP, and MB conceived and designed the experiments. KF, CC, MJ, MAQ, NEH, and JP performed the experiments. KF, CC, MJ, JP, and MB analyzed the data and wrote the paper.