About the Authors

Hideki Ebihara

Affiliations Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan , CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan , Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Ayato Takada

Affiliations CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan , Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan

Darwyn Kobasa

Affiliation Respiratory Viruses, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Steven Jones

Affiliations Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada , Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Gabriele Neumann

Affiliation Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Steven Theriault

Affiliations Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada , Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Mike Bray

Affiliation Biodefense Clinical Research, Office of Clinical Research, Office of the Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Heinz Feldmann

Affiliations Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada , Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Yoshihiro Kawaoka

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kawaokay@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu

Affiliations Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan , CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan , Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America , International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

HE and YK conceived and designed the experiments. HE, AT, DK, SJ, ST, and HF performed the experiments in BSL-4 containment. HE and GN performed the cloning experiments. HE, AT, HF, and YK analyzed the data. MB contributed materials and information. HE, AT, GN, HF, and YK wrote the manuscript.