About the Authors

Kathie-Anne Walters

Contributed equally to this work with: Kathie-Anne Walters, Michael A Joyce

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kathiw@u.washington.edu

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Michael A Joyce

Contributed equally to this work with: Kathie-Anne Walters, Michael A Joyce

Affiliation Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Jill C Thompson

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Maria W Smith

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Matthew M Yeh

Affiliation Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Sean Proll

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Lin-Fu Zhu

Affiliation Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

T. J Gao

Affiliation Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Norman M Kneteman

Affiliation Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

D. Lorne Tyrrell

Affiliation Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Michael G Katze

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

KAW, MAJ, MWS, and MGK conceived and designed the experiments. KAW, MAJ, JCT, LFZ, and TJG performed the experiments. KAW and MMY analyzed the data. KAW, MAJ, SP, LFZ, NMK, DLT, and MGK contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. KAW and MGK wrote the paper.