About the Authors

Douglas C Braaten

Contributed equally to this work with: Douglas C Braaten, James Scott McClellan, Ilhem Messaoudi, Janko Nikolich-Zugich, Herbert W Virgin IV

Affiliations Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America , Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

James Scott McClellan

Contributed equally to this work with: Douglas C Braaten, James Scott McClellan, Ilhem Messaoudi, Janko Nikolich-Zugich, Herbert W Virgin IV

Affiliations Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America , Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Ilhem Messaoudi

Contributed equally to this work with: Douglas C Braaten, James Scott McClellan, Ilhem Messaoudi, Janko Nikolich-Zugich, Herbert W Virgin IV

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America

Scott A Tibbetts

Affiliations Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America , Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Kelly B McClellan

Affiliations Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America , Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Janko Nikolich-Zugich

Contributed equally to this work with: Douglas C Braaten, James Scott McClellan, Ilhem Messaoudi, Janko Nikolich-Zugich, Herbert W Virgin IV

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America

Herbert W Virgin IV

Contributed equally to this work with: Douglas C Braaten, James Scott McClellan, Ilhem Messaoudi, Janko Nikolich-Zugich, Herbert W Virgin IV

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: virgin@wustl.edu

Affiliations Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America , Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

All the authors conceived and designed the experiments. DCB, JSM, IM, and KBM performed the experiments. All the authors analyzed the data. JNZ and HWV contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. DCB, JSM, and HWV wrote the paper.