About the Authors
- Douglas C Braaten
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Contributed equally to this work with: Douglas C Braaten, James Scott McClellan, Ilhem Messaoudi, Janko Nikolich-Zugich, Herbert W Virgin IV
Affiliations Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America , Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- James Scott McClellan
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Contributed equally to this work with: Douglas C Braaten, James Scott McClellan, Ilhem Messaoudi, Janko Nikolich-Zugich, Herbert W Virgin IV
Affiliations Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America , Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Ilhem Messaoudi
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Contributed equally to this work with: Douglas C Braaten, James Scott McClellan, Ilhem Messaoudi, Janko Nikolich-Zugich, Herbert W Virgin IV
Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Scott A Tibbetts
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Affiliations Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America , Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Kelly B McClellan
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Affiliations Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America , Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Janko Nikolich-Zugich
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Contributed equally to this work with: Douglas C Braaten, James Scott McClellan, Ilhem Messaoudi, Janko Nikolich-Zugich, Herbert W Virgin IV
Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Herbert W Virgin IV
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Contributed equally to this work with: Douglas C Braaten, James Scott McClellan, Ilhem Messaoudi, Janko Nikolich-Zugich, Herbert W Virgin IV
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: virgin@wustl.edu
Affiliations Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America , Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
All the authors conceived and designed the experiments. DCB, JSM, IM, and KBM performed the experiments. All the authors analyzed the data. JNZ and HWV contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. DCB, JSM, and HWV wrote the paper.