Table 1.
12-week periodization of Pilates training.
Table 2.
Mean (standard deviation) age, height, body mass, body fat, lean mass, maximal oxygenuptake (VO2max), and speed at the second ventilatory threshold (VT2) in the pre-training period.
Table 3.
Effect of running training and running training combined with Pilates on performance and respiratory variables.
Data Represent the Mean Values (Standard Error) for 5-km Running Time, Maximum Oxygen Consumption (VO2max), Metabolic Cost at 10 km.h-1 (Cmet10), Metabolic Cost at 12 km.h-1 (Cmet12), Speed at the Second Ventilatory Threshold (VT2), and Oxygen Consumption at the Second Ventilatory Threshold (VO2 VT2).
Table 4.
Effects of running training (CG) and running training combined with Pilates (PG) on maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in millivolts (mV) of the obliquus externus abdominis (OE), obliquus internus abdominis (OI), vastus lateralis (VL), longissimus (LO), biceps femoris (BF), gluteus medius (GM), and latissimus dorsi (LD) muscles.
Fig 1.
Upper panels, mean pattern of activation of the obliquus externus abdominis muscle (mV).
Lower panels, mean (± standard error) muscle activation in the three stride phases, presented as a percentage of the MVIC. Red lines represent 12 km.h-1, and blue lines represent 10 km.h-1. Dotted lines represent the control group (CG), and solid lines represent the Pilates group (PG). The vertical dotted lines indicate the end of the contact phase. * Significant difference between pre- and post-training; a significant difference between groups (p<0.005).
Fig 2.
Upper panels, mean activation pattern of the obliquus internus abdominis muscle (mV).
Lower panels, mean (± standard error) muscle activation in the three stride phases, presented as a percentage of the MVIC. Red lines represent 12 km.h-1, and blue lines represent 10 km.h-1. Dotted lines represent the control group (CG), and solid lines represent the Pilates group (PG). The vertical dotted lines indicate the end of the contact phase. * Significant difference between pre- and post-training; a significant difference between groups (p<0.005).
Fig 3.
Upper panels, mean activation pattern of the vastus lateralis muscle (mV).
Lower panels, mean (± standard error) muscle activation in the three stride phases, presented as a percentage of the MVIC. Red lines represent 12 km.h-1, and blue lines represent 10 km.h-1. Dotted lines represent the control group (CG), and solid lines represent the Pilates group (PG). The vertical dotted lines indicate the end of the contact phase. * Significant difference between pre- and post-training; a significant difference between groups (p<0.005).
Fig 4.
Upper panels, mean activation pattern of the longissimus muscle (mV).
Lower panels, mean (± standard error) muscle activation in the three stride phases, presented as a percentage of the MVIC. Red lines represent 12 km.h-1, and blue lines represent 10 km.h-1. Dotted lines represent the control group (CG), and solid lines represent the Pilates group (PG). The vertical dotted lines indicate the end of the contact phase. * Significant difference between pre- and post-training; a significant difference between groups (p<0.005).
Fig 5.
Upper panels, mean activation pattern of the biceps femoris muscle (mV).
Lower panels, mean (± standard error) muscle activation in the three stride phases, presented as a percentage of the MVIC. Red lines represent 12 km.h-1, and blue lines represent 10 km.h-1. Dotted lines represent the control group (CG), and solid lines represent the Pilates group (PG). The vertical dotted lines indicate the end of the contact phase. * Significant difference between pre- and post-training; a significant difference between groups (p<0.005).
Fig 6.
Upper panels, mean activation pattern of the gluteus medius muscle (mV).
Lower panels, mean (± standard error) muscle activation in the three phases, presented as a percentage of the MVIC. Red lines represent 12 km.h-1, whereas blue lines represent 10 km.h-1. Dotted lines represent the control group (CG), and solid lines represent the Pilates group (PG). The vertical dotted lines indicate the end of the contact phase. * Significant difference between pre- and post-training; a significant difference between groups (p<0.005).
Fig 7.
Upper panel, mean activation pattern of the latissimus dorsi muscle (mV).
Lower panel, mean (± standard error) muscle activation in the three stride phases, presented as a percentage of the MVIC. Red lines represent 12 km.h-1, and blue lines represent 10 km.h-1. Dotted lines represent the control group (CG), and solid lines represent the Pilates group (PG). The vertical dotted lines indicate the end of the contact phase. * Significant difference between pre- and post-training; a significant difference between groups (p<0.005).
Fig 8.
Schematic drawing of the performance model proposed in this study [2,3,20,22].