October 2013

Snakebite is a global health problem, and neurotoxicity is a major cause of death, after snake envenoming. There are many unanswered questions regarding neurotoxicity. More research is needed to understand its complex pathophysiological mechanisms and identify new treatments, and global efforts are needed to make currently available treatments more accessible in the resource-limited settings where snakebite is common. See Ranawaka et al.

Image Credit: Sarith Ranawaka

Editorial

An Unfolding Tragedy of Chagas Disease in North America

Peter J. Hotez, Eric Dumonteil, Miguel Betancourt Cravioto, Maria Elena Bottazzi, Roberto Tapia-Conyer, Sheba Meymandi, Unni Karunakara, Isabela Ribeiro, Rachel M. Cohen, Bernard Pecoul

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002300

Viewpoints

Extending Helminth Control beyond STH and Schistosomiasis: The Case of Human Hymenolepiasis

Ricardo J. Soares Magalhães, Cláudia Fançony, Dina Gamboa, António J. Langa, José Carlos Sousa-Figueiredo, Archie C. A. Clements, Susana Vaz Nery

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 24, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002321

Historical Profiles and Perspectives

Ten Years of Podoconiosis Research in Ethiopia

Kebede Deribe, Sara Tomczyk, Fasil Tekola-Ayele

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 10, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002301

Symposium

Pulmonary Aspergilloma: A Treatment Challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa

Christian Pohl, Levan Jugheli, Fredrick Haraka, Elirehema Mfinanga, Khadija Said, Klaus Reither

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 24, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002352

Reviews

Advances in the Diagnosis of Endemic Treponematoses: Yaws, Bejel, and Pinta

Oriol Mitjà, David Šmajs, Quique Bassat

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 24, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002283

Neurotoxicity in Snakebite—The Limits of Our Knowledge

Udaya K. Ranawaka, David G. Lalloo, H. Janaka de Silva

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 10, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002302

Research Articles

Identification of Novel Compounds Inhibiting Chikungunya Virus-Induced Cell Death by High Throughput Screening of a Kinase Inhibitor Library

Deu John M. Cruz, Rafaela M. Bonotto, Rafael G. B. Gomes, Camila T. da Silva, Juliana B. Taniguchi, Joo Hwan No, Benoit Lombardot, Olivier Schwartz, Michael A. E. Hansen, Lucio H. Freitas-Junior

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002471

Epilepsy and Neurocysticercosis in Latin America: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Elisa Bruno, Alessandro Bartoloni, Lorenzo Zammarchi, Marianne Strohmeyer, Filippo Bartalesi, Javier A. Bustos, Saul Santivañez, Héctor H. García, Alessandra Nicoletti, the COHEMI Project Study Group

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002480

Population Structure and Evidence for Both Clonality and Recombination among Brazilian Strains of the Subgenus Leishmania (Viannia)

Katrin Kuhls, Elisa Cupolillo, Soraia O. Silva, Carola Schweynoch, Mariana Côrtes Boité, Maria N. Mello, Isabel Mauricio, Michael Miles, Thierry Wirth, Gabriele Schönian

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002490

Global Population Structure of the Genes Encoding the Malaria Vaccine Candidate, Plasmodium vivax Apical Membrane Antigen 1 (PvAMA1)

Alicia Arnott, Ivo Mueller, Paul A. Ramsland, Peter M. Siba, John C. Reeder, Alyssa E. Barry

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002506

Mosquito Vector Diversity across Habitats in Central Thailand Endemic for Dengue and Other Arthropod-Borne Diseases

Panpim Thongsripong, Amy Green, Pattamaporn Kittayapong, Durrell Kapan, Bruce Wilcox, Shannon Bennett

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002507

Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets Are Synergistic with Mass Drug Administration for Interruption of Lymphatic Filariasis Transmission in Nigeria

Abel Eigege, Alphonsus Kal, Emmanuel Miri, Adamu Sallau, John Umaru, Hayward Mafuyai, Yohanna S. Chuwang, Goshit Danjuma, Jacob Danboyi, Solomon E. Adelamo, Bulus S. Mancha, Bridget Okoeguale, Amy E. Patterson, Lindsay Rakers, Frank O. Richards

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002508

Development of Genetic System to Inactivate a Borrelia turicatae Surface Protein Selectively Produced within the Salivary Glands of the Arthropod Vector

Job E. Lopez, Hannah K. Wilder, Reid Hargrove, Christopher P. Brooks, Karin E. Peterson, Paul A. Beare, Daniel E. Sturdevant, Vijayaraj Nagarajan, Sandra J. Raffel, Tom G. Schwan

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002514

Burden of Giardia duodenalis Infection and Its Adverse Effects on Growth of Schoolchildren in Rural Malaysia

Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi, Mohamed T. Al-Maktari, Rohana Jani, Abdulhamid Ahmed, Tengku Shahrul Anuar, Norhayati Moktar, Mohammed A. K. Mahdy, Yvonne A. L. Lim, Rohela Mahmud, Johari Surin

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002516

P-I Snake Venom Metalloproteinase Is Able to Activate the Complement System by Direct Cleavage of Central Components of the Cascade

Giselle Pidde-Queiroz, Fábio Carlos Magnoli, Fernanda C. V. Portaro, Solange M. T. Serrano, Aline Soriano Lopes, Adriana Franco Paes Leme, Carmen W. van den Berg, Denise V. Tambourgi

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002519

Microsatellite DNA Analysis Revealed a Drastic Genetic Change of Plasmodium vivax Population in the Republic of Korea During 2002 and 2003

Moritoshi Iwagami, Seung-Young Hwang, So-Hee Kim, So-Jung Park, Ga-Young Lee, Emilie Louise Akiko Matsumoto-Takahashi, Weon-Gyu Kho, Shigeyuki Kano

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002522

Gatifloxacin Versus Ofloxacin for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Enteric Fever in Nepal: An Open-Label, Randomized, Controlled Trial

Samir Koirala, Buddha Basnyat, Amit Arjyal, Olita Shilpakar, Kabina Shrestha, Rishav Shrestha, Upendra Man Shrestha, Krishna Agrawal, Kanika Deshpande Koirala, Sudeep Dhoj Thapa, Abhilasha Karkey, Sabina Dongol, Abhishek Giri, Mila Shakya, Kamal Raj Pathak, James Campbell, Stephen Baker, Jeremy Farrar, Marcel Wolbers, Christiane Dolecek

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002523

Identification of Strain-Specific B-cell Epitopes in Trypanosoma cruzi Using Genome-Scale Epitope Prediction and High-Throughput Immunoscreening with Peptide Arrays

Tiago Antônio de Oliveira Mendes, João Luís Reis Cunha, Rodrigo de Almeida Lourdes, Gabriela Flávia Rodrigues Luiz, Lucas Dhom Lemos, Ana Rita Rocha dos Santos, Antônia Cláudia Jácome da Câmara, Lúcia Maria da Cunha Galvão, Caryn Bern, Robert H. Gilman, Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara, Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli, Daniella Castanheira Bartholomeu

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002524

On the Three-Finger Protein Domain Fold and CD59-Like Proteins in Schistosoma mansoni

Leonardo P. Farias, Greice Krautz-Peterson, Cibele A. Tararam, Bogar O. Araujo-Montoya, Tatiana R. Fraga, Henrique K. Rofatto, Floriano P. Silva-Jr, Lourdes Isaac, Akram A. Da'dara, R. Alan Wilson, Charles B. Shoemaker, Luciana C. C. Leite

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 24, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002482

Evidence for Endemic Chikungunya Virus Infections in Bandung, Indonesia

Herman Kosasih, Quirijn de Mast, Susana Widjaja, Primal Sudjana, Ungke Antonjaya, Chairin Ma'roef, Silvita Fitri Riswari, Kevin R. Porter, Timothy H. Burgess, Bachti Alisjahbana, Andre van der Ven, Maya Williams

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 24, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002483

Infection with Usutu Virus Induces an Autophagic Response in Mammalian Cells

Ana-Belén Blázquez, Estela Escribano-Romero, Teresa Merino-Ramos, Juan-Carlos Saiz, Miguel A. Martín-Acebes

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 24, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002509

Diversity and Epidemiology of Mokola Virus

Joe Kgaladi, Nicolette Wright, Jessica Coertse, Wanda Markotter, Denise Marston, Anthony R. Fooks, Conrad M. Freuling, Thomas F. Müller, Claude T. Sabeta, Louis H. Nel

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 24, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002511

In Pulmonary Paracoccidioidomycosis IL-10 Deficiency Leads to Increased Immunity and Regressive Infection without Enhancing Tissue Pathology

Tânia A. Costa, Silvia B. Bazan, Claudia Feriotti, Eliseu F. Araújo, Ênio J. Bassi, Flávio V. Loures, Vera L. G. Calich

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 24, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002512

Suppression of E. multilocularis Hydatid Cysts after Ionizing Radiation Exposure

Xin Zhou, Yumin Zhao, Rong Zhou, Hong Zhang

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 24, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002518

First Outbreak Response Using an Oral Cholera Vaccine in Africa: Vaccine Coverage, Acceptability and Surveillance of Adverse Events, Guinea, 2012

Francisco J. Luquero, Lise Grout, Iza Ciglenecki, Keita Sakoba, Bala Traore, Melat Heile, Alpha Amadou Dialo, Christian Itama, Micaela Serafini, Dominique Legros, Rebecca F. Grais

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 17, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002465

Elimination of Schistosomiasis Transmission in Zanzibar: Baseline Findings before the Onset of a Randomized Intervention Trial

Stefanie Knopp, Bobbie Person, Shaali M. Ame, Khalfan A. Mohammed, Said M. Ali, I. Simba Khamis, Muriel Rabone, Fiona Allan, Anouk Gouvras, Lynsey Blair, Alan Fenwick, Jürg Utzinger, David Rollinson

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 17, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002474

How to Improve the Early Diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection: Relationship between Validated Conventional Diagnosis and Quantitative DNA Amplification in Congenitally Infected Children

Jacqueline Bua, Bibiana J. Volta, Alina E. Perrone, Karenina Scollo, Elsa B. Velázquez, Andres M. Ruiz, Ana M. De Rissio, Rita L. Cardoni

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 17, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002476

Cellular Growth and Mitochondrial Ultrastructure of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Promastigotes Are Affected by the Iron Chelator 2,2-Dipyridyl

Camila Mesquita-Rodrigues, Rubem F. S. Menna-Barreto, Leonardo Sabóia-Vahia, Silvia A. G. Da-Silva, Elen M. de Souza, Mariana C. Waghabi, Patrícia Cuervo, José B. De Jesus

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 17, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002481

Ongoing Spillover of Hantaan and Gou Hantaviruses from Rodents Is Associated with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) in China

Wen Wang, Miao-Ruo Wang, Xian-Dan Lin, Wen-Ping Guo, Ming-Hui Li, Sheng-Hua Mei, Zhao-Mei Li, Mei-Li Cong, Rui-Lan Jiang, Run-Hong Zhou, Edward C. Holmes, Alexander Plyusnin, Yong-Zhen Zhang

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 17, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002484

Barriers to Treatment Access for Chagas Disease in Mexico

Jennifer M. Manne, Callae S. Snively, Janine M. Ramsey, Marco Ocampo Salgado, Till Bärnighausen, Michael R. Reich

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 17, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002488

Human Neutrophil Peptide-1 (HNP-1): A New Anti-Leishmanial Drug Candidate

Sara Dabirian, Yasaman Taslimi, Farnaz Zahedifard, Elham Gholami, Fatemeh Doustdari, Mahdieh Motamedirad, Shohreh Khatami, Kayhan Azadmanesh, Susanne Nylen, Sima Rafati

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 17, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002491

Exploring the Trypanosoma brucei Hsp83 Potential as a Target for Structure Guided Drug Design

Juan Carlos Pizarro, Tanya Hills, Guillermo Senisterra, Amy K. Wernimont, Claire Mackenzie, Neil R. Norcross, Michael A. J. Ferguson, Paul G. Wyatt, Ian H. Gilbert, Raymond Hui

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 17, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002492

Multilocus Analysis of Divergence and Introgression in Sympatric and Allopatric Sibling Species of the Lutzomyia longipalpis Complex in Brazil

Alejandra S. Araki, Gabriel E. M. Ferreira, Camila J. Mazzoni, Nataly A. Souza, Ricardo C. Machado, Rafaela V. Bruno, Alexandre A. Peixoto

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 17, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002495

Identification of Seroreactive Proteins of Leptospira interrogans Serovar Copenhageni Using a High-Density Protein Microarray Approach

Carolina Lessa-Aquino, Camila Borges Rodrigues, Jozelyn Pablo, Rie Sasaki, Algis Jasinskas, Li Liang, Elsio A. Wunder Jr, Guilherme S. Ribeiro, Adam Vigil, Ricardo Galler, Douglas Molina, Xiaowu Liang, Mitermayer G. Reis, Albert I. Ko, Marco Alberto Medeiros, Philip L. Felgner

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 17, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002499

Glyburide Reduces Bacterial Dissemination in a Mouse Model of Melioidosis

Gavin C. K. W. Koh, Tassili A. Weehuizen, Katrin Breitbach, Kathrin Krause, Hanna K. de Jong, Liesbeth M. Kager, Arjan J. Hoogendijk, Antje Bast, Sharon J. Peacock, Tom van der Poll, Ivo Steinmetz, W. Joost Wiersinga

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 17, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002500

Effect of Maternal Schistosoma mansoni Infection and Praziquantel Treatment During Pregnancy on Schistosoma mansoni Infection and Immune Responsiveness among Offspring at Age Five Years

Robert Tweyongyere, Peter Naniima, Patrice A. Mawa, Frances M. Jones, Emily L. Webb, Stephen Cose, David W. Dunne, Alison M. Elliott

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 17, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002501

Diagnostic Accuracy of Loopamp Trypanosoma brucei Detection Kit for Diagnosis of Human African Trypanosomiasis in Clinical Samples

Patrick Mitashi, Epco Hasker, Dieudonné Mumba Ngoyi, Pati Patient Pyana, Veerle Lejon, Wim Van der Veken, Pascal Lutumba, Philippe Büscher, Marleen Boelaert, Stijn Deborggraeve

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 17, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002504

Aquaporin 2 Mutations in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Field Isolates Correlate with Decreased Susceptibility to Pentamidine and Melarsoprol

Fabrice E. Graf, Philipp Ludin, Tanja Wenzler, Marcel Kaiser, Reto Brun, Patient Pati Pyana, Philippe Büscher, Harry P. de Koning, David Horn, Pascal Mäser

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 10, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002475

Responses of Murine and Human Macrophages to Leptospiral Infection: A Study Using Comparative Array Analysis

Feng Xue, Xinghui Zhao, Yingchao Yang, Jinping Zhao, Yutao Yang, Yongguo Cao, Cailing Hong, Yuan Liu, Lan Sun, Minjun Huang, Junchao Gu

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 10, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002477

CSF CXCL10, CXCL9, and Neopterin as Candidate Prognostic Biomarkers for HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis

Tomoo Sato, Ariella Coler-Reilly, Atae Utsunomiya, Natsumi Araya, Naoko Yagishita, Hitoshi Ando, Junji Yamauchi, Eisuke Inoue, Takahiko Ueno, Yasuhiro Hasegawa, Kusuki Nishioka, Toshihiro Nakajima, Steven Jacobson, Shuji Izumo, Yoshihisa Yamano

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 10, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002479

The Dispersal Ecology of Rhodesian Sleeping Sickness Following Its Introduction to a New Area

Nicola A. Wardrop, Eric M. Fèvre, Peter M. Atkinson, Susan C. Welburn

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 10, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002485

Functional and Genetic Characterization of Neuropeptide Y-Like Receptors in Aedes aegypti

Jeff Liesch, Lindsay L. Bellani, Leslie B. Vosshall

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 10, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002486

Invasive Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 Are Not Host-Restricted and Have an Invasive Phenotype in Experimentally Infected Chickens

Bryony N. Parsons, Suzanne Humphrey, Anne Marie Salisbury, Julia Mikoleit, Jay C. D. Hinton, Melita A. Gordon, Paul Wigley

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 10, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002487

Natural Terpenoids from Ambrosia Species Are Active In Vitro and In Vivo against Human Pathogenic Trypanosomatids

Valeria P. Sülsen, Silvia I. Cazorla, Fernanda M. Frank, Laura C. Laurella, Liliana V. Muschietti, Cesar A. Catalán, Virginia S. Martino, Emilio L. Malchiodi

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 10, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002494

Identification of Conserved and HLA Promiscuous DENV3 T-Cell Epitopes

Eduardo J. M. Nascimento, Robbie B. Mailliard, Asif M. Khan, John Sidney, Alessandro Sette, Nicole Guzman, Michael Paulaitis, Andréa Barbosa de Melo, Marli T. Cordeiro, Laura V. G. Gil, Françoir Lemonnier, Charles Rinaldo, J. Thomas August, Ernesto T. A. Marques Jr

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 10, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002497

A Systematic Review on the Epidemiological Data of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum, a Type 2 Leprosy Reaction

Carlijn G. N. Voorend, Erik B. Post

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 3, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002440

The Incubation Period of Buruli Ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans Infection)

Jason A. Trubiano, Caroline J. Lavender, Janet A. M. Fyfe, Simone Bittmann, Paul D. R. Johnson

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 3, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002463

Proteomic Analysis of the Excretory-Secretory Products from Larval Stages of Ascaris suum Reveals High Abundance of Glycosyl Hydrolases

Tao Wang, Katleen Van Steendam, Maarten Dhaenens, Johnny Vlaminck, Dieter Deforce, Aaron R. Jex, Robin B. Gasser, Peter Geldhof

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published October 3, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002467

Cover

Neurotoxicity in snakebite.